Aspects quantitatively investigated in this study are highlighted in red (empirical) and blue (mathematical). Schematics and critical aspects of the DVE-LS methodic steps. They allow for straightforward calculation of sample liquid water stable isotope signatures from the standards' known liquid water isotope signatures and raw headspace water vapor isotope readings of standards and samples. Co-measured calibration standards are referenced to the VSMOW-SLAP scale (Craig, 1961) and prepared accordingly following the principle of identical treatment (PIT) (Werner and Brand, 2001). A schematic drawing of the DVE-LS methodic steps is shown in Fig. 1. Then they are left for isothermal isotope equilibration between the matrix-bound liquid water reservoir of interest and the container headspace atmosphere vapor prior to the direct, yet non-automated analysis of the water vapor via laser-based isotope spectrometry. Following sample collection, the containers are commonly inflated with a dry inflation atmosphere and sealed. It employs inflatable sample containers into which evaporation-susceptible soil, rock, or plant samples of interest are quickly collected. At the same time, it increases the number of samples that can be processed per day. Instead of physically extracting water, the method employs analysis of a corresponding vapor phase and thereby bypasses many of the previously necessary, laborious sample preparation steps. (2008) has facilitated a way for fairly convenient, high-throughput stable isotope analysis of water bound to the soil matrix, rocks, or plant tissue. The direct vapor equilibration laser spectrometry (DVE-LS) method first published by Wassenaar et al.
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